Next Articles - "this" keyword | "Named" Parameter's
Next Articles - "this" keyword | "Named" Parameter's
ReadOnly Fields :
- The ReadOnly members are just like constants according to the objects.
- The Readonly modifier can be used for fields only.
- Once you initialize the value of ReadOnly data members, the object can‘t change that value, but it can access the value.
- Note : The read only field‘s values can be changed inside of the class only.
- To declare the read only fields:
Syntax : access_specifier readonly data_type variable_name = value;
C# Coding on ReadOnly Fields :
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace ReadOnlyDataMembersDemo { class Sample { //read only data member public readonly string CompanyName = "Software IT Technologies"; } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Sample s = new Sample(); Console.WriteLine(s.CompanyName); //s.CompanyName = "TCS"; // is not allowed bcoz it is the readonly member. Console.Read(); } } }
Ref Parameters :
- The reference parameters are similar to the normal parameters.
- The only difference between the normal parameters and reference parameters is: When the value is changed in the reference parameter, would automatically affect the actual parameter in the calling portion.
- Implementation: Use "ref" keyword in calling portion and also in method definition.
- Rule : The actual parameter at the calling portion should be a variable and can‘t be a constant.
- This is just like Call by reference concept in C/C++.
C# Coding on Ref Parameters :
namespace RefParameterDemo { class SampleClass { public void FirstMethod(int x, int y) { x++; y++; } public void SecondMethod(int x, ref int y) { x++; y++; } } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { int a = 10, b = 20; SampleClass sc = new SampleClass(); Console.WriteLine(a + ", " + b); sc.FirstMethod(a, b); Console.WriteLine(a + ", " + b); sc.SecondMethod(a, ref b); Console.WriteLine(a + ", " + b); Console.Read(); } } }
OUT Parameters :
- This is to return multiple values from a method.
- The "out" parameter is similar to "ref" parameter; but the difference between these two parameters is, "out" parameter does not carries any value from calling portion to the method definition; but it carries the return value to the calling portion.
- Implementation : Use "out" keyword in calling portion and also in method definition.
- So, the "out" may not be initialized, when you call the method.
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace OutParametersDemo { class Test { public string GetBigAndSmall(string s1, string s2, out string small) { string big; if (s1.Length > s2.Length) big = s1; else big = s2; if (s1.Length < s2.Length) small = s1; else small = s2; return (big); } } class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Test t = new Test(); string s1 = "dotnet"; string s2 = "framework"; string small; //no need of initialization string big; big = t.GetBigAndSmall(s1, s2, out small); Console.WriteLine("Small string: " + small); Console.WriteLine("Big string: " + big); Console.Read(); } } }
Next Articles - "this" keyword | "Named" Parameter's
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